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Demystifying the Architecture of a Million-User Live Chat System: Why WebSockets Aren’t Always the Answer

When software engineers think about real-time chat applications, 90% immediately lean toward WebSockets. This protocol establishes a persistent, bi-directional (full-duplex) connection between the client and server, allowing data to flow back and forth instantly. However, for massive live streaming platforms…

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Why Google, Facebook, and Canva Inject “Junk Characters” into API Responses

If you have ever poked around the Network tab in your browser’s Developer Tools while using services from tech giants like Google, Meta (Messenger), or Canva, you might have stumbled upon something bizarre. Right at the beginning of their JSON…

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How YouTube Counts Live Viewers (Without Using WebSockets)

If you have ever tuned into a massive product launch, a gaming tournament, or a breaking news broadcast on YouTube, you have probably noticed the real-time viewer count fluctuating under the video. Updating that metric accurately for millions of concurrent…

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